Police History Free Essays

Police History Matthew Rico GJA/214 April 15, 2013 Damien Torres Police History Sir Robert Peel British Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel is responsible for the development of the modern concept of the policing system in the 1800s. The first American police officers deployed on foot with no special training, tactics, policies or procedures, and had minimal education. American policing is a direct reflection of English heritage. We will write a custom essay sample on Police History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peel and some of the greatest minds of the 1800s developed the Metropolitan Police Act that passed by Parliament in 1829. The Police Act heard scrutiny and criticism. â€Å"The uniformed constables embodied a new style of policing in contrast to the small and disorganized parish forces of the 18th century† (Police, Prisons, And Penal Reform,  2013). ? Peel feared an autocratic society and developed nine policing principles for the London police. Peel’s principles consisted of clear directive, and ensured Parliament the London Metropolitan Police Force meant to protect the public cruel and overwhelming characteristics of the military. Nevertheless, Parliament feared the possible threat of a military like police force may have over society, and passed the act. Parliament mandated the Metropolitan Police under high discipline, standards, and conduct. Avoiding misconduct and dishonesty the police used techniques such as employing individual’s form outside the city. Peel’s nine principles along with severe scrutiny established democratic and effective policing structure observed today. The American policing originally started with similarities as the British using only two of nine policing principles: military structure and beat patrol. American policing system primary objective’s were preventive patrol and deter criminal activity, whereas British policing system focused on clear established goals set by Peel, such as preventing crimes. American state, county, and local policing systems did not have objectives and guidelines for officers to follow. This made American police corrupt, brutal, caused politician autocracy, and received attacks from the public. Politicians employed individuals as police officers who backed them, irrespective of education, experience, and qualifications to preserve their own power. Officer’s enforced laws politicians passed for personal gain. It was common for newly elected politicians to dismiss an entire police force and re-hire individuals who supported his political campaign. Joining police agencies and politicians resulted in brutality and dishonesty to reach political objectives. In the 1900s a call for reorganization and elimination of political control in the policing system, known as the reform agenda. Police were considered public servants with a proficient duty to serve on a nonpartisan foundation. Today’s American police implement Peel’s nine founding principles with some modifications and additions. American policing still reinventing, has recognized the accomplishments of the British policing system through principles created by Peel. U. S. Government and Policing Organizations Police of the United States consist of federal and state. State level consists of three levels of police: Local, County, and State Police. Highway Patrol and State Police have jurisdiction through their entire state. Patrol areas mainly consist of state highways and Government Buildings. County Sheriffs operate county jails, and patrol areas not within city limits. County Sheriffs are sometimes contracted to serve cities as local police. City Police Patrol areas within their city limits. According to  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Nypd Mission†Ã‚  (2013), â€Å"The MISSION of the New York City Police Department is to enhance the quality of life in our City by working in partnership with the community and in accordance with constitutional rights to enforce the laws, preserve the peace, reduce fear, and provide for a safe environment† (para. 1). Federal Level Police include organizations such as Federal Bureau of Investigations, Drug Enforcement Administration, Secret Service, and Immigration and Customs Enforcement. Federal Police get their authority from the U. S. Constitution that safeguards Congress’ authority to control taxes and regional commerce. For example the Drug Enforcement Administration enforce laws on materials that have a ban. Police Practice and Government Relationship Each state is independent over their land and is different in respects to their Penal Codes. Federal organizations are regulated by Congress and seek national criminals and Tax linked laws. No state can create laws that fringe on the federal government according to the Constitution. The Constitution also controls the federal governments power over the states. The government may pass laws and often set guidelines for police agencies. Basically the government guides police agencies in a direction in which they believe the policing should be going. References NYPD Mission. (2013). Retrieved from http://www. nyc. gov/html/nypd/html/administration/mission. shtml Police, Prisons, and Penal Reform. (2013). Retrieved from http://www. parliament. uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/laworder/policeprisons/overview/metropolitanpolice/Sir How to cite Police History, Papers Police History Free Essays History of Police John C. Dale CJA214 10-06-2012 James Ward History of Police If one were to ask, anybody in today’s society there would be an overwhelming consensus that police are necessary and a very valuable to keeping individuals and property safe from the criminal element. The earliest known police forces were in ancient China. We will write a custom essay sample on Police History or any similar topic only for you Order Now The persons assigned to this duty were known as prefects and carried out their duty from 771-476 B. C†¦ The prefecture system developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were dispersed and traveled across the state, with each individual having limited authority and employment period. There were different levels of prefects with different levels of authority. In Ancient China, prefects worked for the government as officials appointed by local judges. The judges who appointed prefects reported to higher authorities such as governors, the emperor of the dynasty then appointed the governors. The prefects oversaw the civil administration of their â€Å"prefecture†, or jurisdiction. Another earliest form of police forces were in the Roman Empire’s military. In most of the Empire, the Army, rather than a dedicated police organization, provided security. Local watchmen were hired by cities to provide some extra security around 63 B. C. -1480 A. D.. Local judges known as procurators fiscal and quaestors were called in to investigate crimes. The Emperor Augustus created 14 â€Å"wards† the wards were protected by seven squads of 1,000 men called vigiles, whose main duty was to act as firemen and night watchmen. Other duties were apprehend thieves, robbers and runaway slaves (http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Police). The first formal police agency has English roots and was started in Britain around 1200. From this earliest known formal police agency a term known as â€Å"comes stabuli† derived the first constable and sheriff. It was the constable’s job to hold a particular office, most commonly in the law enforcement division. The office of c onstable can vary significantly in different jurisdictions, with each jurisdiction giving a different rank and limitation of power. A constable is commonly the rank of an officer within the police. Within this new formal police agency the roles of bailiff, a person who watches over the prisoners, and watchmen, a person who watches over and protects property, assets, or people were established. The Statute of Winchester in 1285 brought about the British codification of police practices; this helped greatly to form a unified police society. In the 1736 a high tax on Gin was enacted which led to extreme rioting in the streets known today as the Gin Riots. Due to this extreme outcry from the public the 18th and 19th century saw the modern police forces as we most commonly recognize them today created. In 1829, Sir Robert Peel formed what is known as London’s new police, the world’s first modern police. Bobbies were metropolitan police member’s and the belief of this agency was to discourage crimes, and preventative patrolling of the streets specifically looking for crimes that were in the act or getting criminals off the street. These new police were known to walk a â€Å"beat† a specific area under their watch that they were in charge of maintaining order and reducing crimes through prevention. Under Sir Robert Peel, the first total uniformed police forces were established wish highly resembled a military organization. As the immigrates transitioned over to America, this type of patrolling was adopted thus leading us to the colonial period of policing. In colonial America during the 1630’s early colonists followed the English style of policing. Watch and Ward systems were established that required the duties of everyone who wanted to act as a law enforcer but offered no pay or training. Everyone looked out for each other and monitored the behaviors of others. The focus of the watches and wards was more centered around moral and civil obligations, not criminal. In colonial America when a rich person did not want to do their fair share of the duties, they would simply pay someone to do it for them. Philadelphia was the first large city to pay offers starting in 1658, the officers of each city were expected to solve their own crimes, and the Federal Bureau of Investigations was a long time away. In frontier America, the new lawmen had left their cultures behind and had to deal with new and unusual cultures in the West, including unknown and inhospitable Indian territories. U. S. Marshals enforced federal law only. These men had no training or pay and they were strictly volunteer. Due to the new cultures, the inhospitable landscapes and Indian tribes these volunteer marshals faced many adversities. During the gold rush of the 1840’s the earliest mining camps were extremely dangerous places, order and law was needed to the Vigilante Committee became the first organized justice system in these towns. Police in contemporary society are known as COPPS (community oriented policing and problem solving). These men and women are primarily employed to reduce crime; secondly, the other goal of COPPS is to identify community needs such as individuals in distress etc. Talking to citizens on the streets and participating in programs such as D. A. R. E (drug abuse resistance and education). With modern day law enforcement being regulated by two different entities, the U. S. Federal government and the local or state agencies there can be a conflict of interests. The main duties of the local and state police forces are to respond to calls, provide backup, help local and federal detectives to secure a crime scene, aid individuals who are in distress and are expected to be the first responders. The role of the government law enforcement is to oversee the larger picture of securing the nation as a whole. This includes the Federal Bureau of Investigation who investigate broad national crimes and will come to the aid of major cases involving local state authorities. This relationship affects modern police practices by helping to share information between two agencies that can learn valuable aspects of policing from each other. Conflict may arise by some of the different practices being rejected by a particular law enforcement force but in my opinion, the role between the two entities is more beneficial than detrimental and helps us to live in a modern society that has effective police forces. References 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police Reference Wikipedia. (2012). Police. Retrieved from http://http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Police How to cite Police History, Papers Police History Free Essays Teresa Kohl Ever wondered where policing came from? In this paper we are going to explore the history of policing and how it developed in America from the beginning. At the same time we are going to explore the deferent policing styles used In America through out history. After we will then look at the role of police In modern times In America. We will write a custom essay sample on Police History or any similar topic only for you Order Now Historical Development of Policing and Styles Most know that America adopted its original policing styles from Great Britain, engendering our ancestors all came from their before colonizing over here. When the first Europeans landed on the shores they had to protect themselves and others from the people that did not want them here. All men and able bodied young boys were in charge of policing up the area. Once everything settled down and everything started to get more situated Into more organized towns. The Justice of the Peace was created to protect the colonies and keep order. Criminals were usually put in stocks in the middle of town to pay their sentence to society. Eventually towns were growing to much and turning into cities where Justice of the peace would Just not work anymore. In 1636 the city of Boston established Night Watch, which idea worked reasonably well as long as the area remained a rural and agrarian one† (Sabbath, n. D. ). You could say that the night watch was a communal and Informal way of policing, Volunteers were In charge of walking the streets and watching for fires or any crimes being committed. When a fire or crime was committed the night watchmen would shout out odd to where the locals would wake up and hopefully take care of the â€Å"problem†. Since the night watch was mostly made of volunteers it usually would have men that sleep or drink while on watch, which would obviously make it to where it would not work. The cities would also use night watch as a punishment for people trying to avoid the military or as a sentence for a crime. Not until 1833 was a day watch implemented which carried out the same tasks as the night watch except â€Å"Augmenting the watch system was a system of constables, official law enforcement officers, usually paid by the fee system for warrants they served. Constables had a variety of non-law enforcement functions to perform as well, including serving as land surveyors and verifying the accuracy of weights and measures. In many cities constables were given the responsibility of supervising the satellites of the night force†¦ † (Potter, 2013). These first police forces were made up of full time employees rather than volunteers or people voluntary to watch the streets. By having a set police force cities were then able to set up rules and enforce them. Each established police force was also able to establish and implement its own standard operating systems rather than have everyone do their own thing. The departments also had to answer to higher government agencies rather than Just them selves. Police in Modern Society Police today have a lot more responsibilities than most people realize. Police are not only in charge of keeping order and serving and protecting the people. They are now in charge of protecting against terrorism, and extremists. How to cite Police History, Papers